Discover how smart contracts work, the most common token standards, and real-world use cases that power decentralized application
Multi-sig Wallets and MPC: Shared Control Without Single Points of Failure Multi-sig and MPC solve the same human problem in different ways: one keyholder should not be able to drain a treasury, push an upgrade, or sign away an entire business by mistake. A multisig makes policy visible and enforceable on-chain. MPC splits signing power […]
Multisig Wallets (Safe/Gnosis) and MPC Overview Read More »
Decentralized Identifiers and Verifiable Credentials (Complete Guide) Decentralized identifiers (DIDs) are key-controlled identifiers that resolve to a DID document with verification methods and optional service endpoints. Verifiable credentials (VCs) are signed claims you can store in a wallet and present when needed, ideally with selective disclosure and offline status checks. This guide explains the mental
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Soulbound Tokens (SBTs) (Complete Guide) Soulbound tokens are non-transferable NFTs that stay attached to a wallet, turning a token into a durable on-chain signal. They can represent course completion, memberships, contributor roles, and eligibility gates that apps can read without a centralized API. This guide explains what SBTs are, where they fit compared to NFTs
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ENS and Web3 Domain Names: Human Readable Addresses That Travel With You ENS name resolution turns copy paste crypto into a readable identity layer. Instead of sending funds to a long hex string, you can send to a name like you.eth, while also publishing the addresses, profile records, and content pointers that apps can resolve
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Auditing & Testing: From Unit Tests to Fuzzing & Invariants Ship with confidence: rigorous tests, automated checks, and structured reviews before mainnet. TL;DR: Use Foundry or Hardhat for unit/integration tests, add fuzzing/invariant tests, run static analysis (Slither), measure coverage, and follow an audit checklist with clear threat models. In this lesson Tooling Stack Foundry Example
Auditing and Testing (Foundry/Hardhat, fuzzing, static analysis) Read More »
Smart Contract Risks: Re-entrancy, Oracles, Access Control & More Recognize top vulnerability classes and the standard defenses used in production. TL;DR: Most exploits are preventable. Use CEI, ReentrancyGuard, strict access control, safe math by default (>=0.8), and robust oracle design. Test, fuzz, and audit before mainnet. In this lesson Re-entrancy Oracle Manipulation Access Control Math/Overflow
Smart Contract Risks Re entrancy, oracle-manipulation Read More »
Real-World DApps: Patterns, Flows & Integration From token swaps to crowdfunding: on-chain contracts + front-end + wallet + indexers. TL;DR: A DApp = Smart contract + Front-end + Wallet + RPC/Indexers. Learn common flows you can implement and test end-to-end. In this lesson DApp Architecture DEX Swap (Uniswap-style) NFT Mint Crowdfunding (escrowed) Multisig & Wallet
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Solidity From Zero: Learn by Building (State, Functions, Events, Security, and a Capstone) A friendly, thorough guide for absolute beginners. We start at “what is a smart contract?” and walk you to intermediate skills: writing, testing, and shipping small but real contracts safely. Heads-up: Educational content, not financial or security advice. Use test networks while
Anatomy of an Ethereum Transaction Intermediate Smart Contracts • ~12 min read • Updated: 08/08/2025 TL;DR: A transaction is a signed message that changes state. Core fields: nonce, gas limit, max fee/priority fee (EIP-1559), to, value, calldata, and signature (v,r,s). The base fee is burned; your tip (priority fee) goes to the block builder/validator. Receipts
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