Smart Contracts

Gas-Fee Engineering in 2025: How to Ship Fast Apps Users Don’t Hate Angle: Understand the post-EIP-4844 fee stack on Ethereum L2s, apply calldata→blob migration, add compression, and use account-abstraction paymasters so that everyday usage feels “near-free” without degrading safety or reliability. Why it’s hot: After EIP-4844 (proto-danksharding), rollups can post cheap blob data to L1, […]

ETH Roadmap 2025–26 (Pectra + Verkle): What Changes for Users & Devs Pectra landed in 2025 to tighten UX, validator ops, and staking ergonomics; Verkle trees are next up to overhaul state commitments and enable true stateless clients. This long-form guide maps what’s live, what’s next, and exactly how wallets and dapps should prepare down

AI Agents That Hold & Spend Crypto (2025): The Wallet-Native AI Wave The 2025 breakout theme across crypto is wallet-native AI  agents that custody assets, pay gas, tip creators, place trades, renew subscriptions, and unlock data without human signatures each time. Two things made this real: ERC-4337 account abstraction and production-grade paymasters + session keys.

Account Abstraction in Practice: Passkeys, Session Keys & Gas Sponsorship (2025 Edition) In 2025, account abstraction (AA) finally crossed from experiments to production. Passkeys replaced seed phrases for mainstream users, session keys unlocked frictionless in-app actions, and paymasters made “gasless” possible without centralizing custody. This guide is a practical, end-to-end playbook: how to ship passkey

Bitcoin L2s Are Here: What Stacks, BitVM and Rollups Mean for Bitcoin in 2026 Bitcoin Layer 2 is no longer theoretical. In 2026, Bitcoin-aligned execution is shipping, bridges are being redesigned, and developers are finally treating Bitcoin as a settlement layer rather than a scripting playground. This TokenToolHub deep dive explains how Stacks Nakamoto, BitVM,