Smart Contracts

Discover how smart contracts work, the most common token standards, and real-world use cases that power decentralized application

Bitcoin L2s Are Here: What Stacks, BitVM and Rollups Mean for BTC in 2025

Smart Contracts /

Bitcoin L2s Are Here: What Stacks, BitVM & Rollups Mean for BTC in 2025 The phrase “Bitcoin L2” is no longer a thought experiment. With the Stacks Nakamoto upgrade tightening finality around Bitcoin blocks, rapid progress on BitVM challenge-based verification, and a wave of Bitcoin rollup prototypes, developers have brand-new ways to build on BTC […]

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Distributed Computing in Blockchain

Nodes, L1/L2, Rollups, Smart Contracts /

Distributed Computing in Blockchain: From Zero to Clarity A practical, visual guide to how thousands of independent machines coordinate, agree, and secure a public ledger without a central authority. Quick navigation: Basics • How blockchains use it • Transaction flow • Consensus & security • Scalability trilemma • PoW vs PoS • Applications • Deep

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How to Add Arbitrum Sepolia to MetaMask

Blockchain Basics, Smart Contracts /

How to Add Arbitrum Sepolia to MetaMask (Step-by-Step) Arbitrum Sepolia is Arbitrum’s public test network. Use it to test apps, contracts, and workflows without risking real funds. What is Arbitrum Sepolia? Arbitrum Sepolia is the testnet version of Arbitrum One, the popular Ethereum Layer-2 (L2) rollup. It mirrors mainnet features at low cost so builders

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Privacy Coins vs Compliance (design choices, risks, controls)

Smart Contracts, DeFi & Staking /

Privacy Coins vs Compliance: Practical Controls for Real-World Risk What counts as privacy tech, why people use it, how regulators view it, and how to design risk-based controls that protect users while meeting obligations. Heads-up: Education, not legal advice. Rules vary by jurisdiction and change quickly. Confirm locally with counsel and your regulator before launching

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Regulatory Approaches Worldwide (landscape and comparison lenses)

Security & Best Practices, DeFi & Staking, Smart Contracts /

Regulatory Approaches Worldwide: How Regions Supervise Crypto and Web3 A practical map of global frameworks: who needs a license, what rules apply, how stablecoins and market conduct are treated, and where privacy-preserving compliance fits. Heads-up: This is general education, not legal advice. Rules change and vary by country, business model, asset type, and licensing status.

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KYC/AML in Web3 (risk-based CDD, KYT, Travel Rule concepts)

Security & Best Practices, Blockchain Basics, DeFi & Staking, Smart Contracts /

KYC/AML in Web3 (Risk-Based CDD, KYT, Travel-Rule Concepts) How crypto businesses identify customers, monitor activity, and exchange information responsibly — without crushing user privacy or product velocity. Heads-up: This page is practical education, not legal advice. Rules differ by country and change quickly. Before you ship features or accept customer funds, confirm locally with counsel

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RPCs and Nodes (Clients, Reliability, Security)

Nodes, L1/L2, Rollups, DeFi & Staking, Smart Contracts /

RPCs and Nodes: Accessing the Chain Reliably and Safely Node types, JSON RPC patterns, reliability architectures, and production grade security practices for real dapps. TL;DR: Pick deliberately between public endpoints, hosted providers, and self run nodes (full or archival). Build resiliency with multi provider failover or quorum RPC. Build safety with chain checks, simulation, finalized

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Storage (IPFS, Arweave, Filecoin)

NFTs & Token Standards, DeFi & Staking, Smart Contracts /

Decentralized Storage: IPFS, Arweave, and Filecoin Content addressing, permanence versus leases, gateways, pinning, proofs, and production patterns for NFTs, dapps, analytics, and archives. TL;DR: IPFS is a content-addressed peer-to-peer layer that gives you CIDs and global retrieval; availability depends on pinning and gateways. Arweave offers “permanent” storage by funding long-term replication up front; content is

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Indexing and Querying (The Graph)

DeFi & Staking, Nodes, L1/L2, Rollups, Smart Contracts /

Indexing and Querying: The Graph, Subgraphs and GraphQL From raw on chain events to queryable APIs: subgraph schemas, mappings, indexing economics, and production grade query patterns. TL;DR: The Graph turns contract events and call results into a GraphQL API using a subgraph that declares a schema, a manifest of what to watch, and mapping functions

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