Nodes, L1/L2, Rollups

Layer 1s: Ethereum vs Solana vs Avalanche Three popular base layers with different tradeoffs in security, performance, and developer experience. TL;DR: Ethereum (PoS, EVM-first): Deepest liquidity & ecosystem; scales via L2 rollups. Solana (PoH + PoS, parallel runtime): High throughput, single global state, fast finality. Avalanche (Snow consensus, subnets): Customizable app chains with fast finality. […]

L2 Rollups: Optimistic and ZK, Data Availability Intermediate Infrastructure • ~15–18 min read • Updated: 08/08/2025 TL;DR: Rollups execute off the base layer and post summaries back: Optimistic rollups rely on fraud proofs during a challenge window; ZK rollups post validity proofs the base layer can verify quickly. Security depends on where data lives: L1