Nodes, L1/L2, Rollups

Dive into blockchain infrastructure from running a node to understanding Layer 1 and Layer 2 scaling solutions like rollups and sidechains

Avalanche Subnets vs L2: Real-Time FX Settlement Trade-Offs

Are Avalanche Subnets “Custom L2s”? Real-Time FX Settlement Trade-Offs Teams love Avalanche Subnets for fast finality, flexible rules, and low fees, and sometimes call them “custom L2s.” This guide separates marketing from mechanics, compares Subnets to true Layer-2 rollups, and models what really matters if you’re building real-time FX settlement: latency, liquidity, security, and operational […]

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Shared Sequencers Explained: Why Rollups Care and How Rewards Flow

Shared Sequencers Explained: Why Rollups Care and How Rewards Flow Rollups promised cheap, fast transactions secured by a base chain, but most still rely on a single, often centralized sequencer to order transactions. Shared sequencers are the next step: a neutral, decentralized ordering layer multiple rollups can plug into. They aim to improve liveness, censorship

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Riot Blockchain (Riot Platforms) Explained

Riot Blockchain (Riot Platforms) Explained: Bitcoin Mining, Business Model, and Future Outlook A comprehensive deep dive into Riot Blockchain, one of the largest publicly traded Bitcoin mining companies in the United States. Learn its history, mining operations, energy strategy, financials, controversies, and what its role means for the future of Bitcoin and blockchain infrastructure. Quick

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Polygon Blockchain Explained: Scaling Ethereum with Layer-2 Innovation

Polygon Blockchain Explained: A Complete, Beginner-to-Pro Guide to Scaling Ethereum This long-form guide unpacks Polygon’s vision, architecture, rollup tech (PoS, zkEVM), validator economics, bridges, fees, developer tooling, security assumptions, and real-world use cases, with simple inline diagrams that render in both Elementor and the default WordPress post editor. Quick navigation: Introduction • Why Polygon exists

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Argo Blockchain (ARB) Explained

Argo Blockchain: Operations, Strategy, and the Economics of Sustainable Bitcoin Mining A deep, beginner-friendly yet professional guide to Argo Blockchain (ARB): history, facilities, energy strategy, costs, risk controls, governance, and how mining businesses survive across crypto market cycles. Quick navigation: Introduction • Origins & Evolution • Mining Operations • Energy & Sustainability • Unit Economics

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Cardano Blockchain Platform

Cardano Blockchain Platform: A Complete Beginner-to-Pro Guide Understand Cardano’s vision, layered architecture, Ouroboros consensus, staking economy, eUTXO model, scalability (Hydra, Mithril), governance, and how it compares to other chains. Quick navigation: Introduction • Why Cardano • Layered Architecture • eUTXO Model • Ouroboros • Staking & Delegation • Scaling (Hydra, Mithril) • Smart Contracts •

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Distributed Computing in Blockchain

Distributed Computing in Blockchain: From Zero to Clarity A practical, visual guide to how thousands of independent machines coordinate, agree, and secure a public ledger without a central authority. Quick navigation: Basics • How blockchains use it • Transaction flow • Consensus & security • Scalability trilemma • PoW vs PoS • Applications • Deep

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RPCs and Nodes (Clients, Reliability, Security)

RPCs and Nodes: Accessing the Chain Reliably and Safely Node types, JSON RPC patterns, reliability architectures, and production grade security practices for real dapps. TL;DR: Pick deliberately between public endpoints, hosted providers, and self run nodes (full or archival). Build resiliency with multi provider failover or quorum RPC. Build safety with chain checks, simulation, finalized

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Indexing and Querying (The Graph)

Indexing and Querying: The Graph, Subgraphs and GraphQL From raw on chain events to queryable APIs: subgraph schemas, mappings, indexing economics, and production grade query patterns. TL;DR: The Graph turns contract events and call results into a GraphQL API using a subgraph that declares a schema, a manifest of what to watch, and mapping functions

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Multi-sig Wallets (Safe/Gnosis) and MPC Overview

Multi-sig Wallets and MPC: Shared Control, Fewer Single Points of Failure Set m-of-n approvals for treasury moves, upgrade rights, or personal vault safety. Compare on-chain multisig and MPC, design pragmatic policies, and avoid common operational mistakes. TL;DR: A multisig is a smart-contract account that executes only after m-of-n owner approvals; policy is transparent and enforceable

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