Learn how decentralized finance(DeFi) works from liquidity pools and AMMs to staking, yield farming, and restaking protocols.
Top 5 DeFi Platforms You Should Know in 2025 DeFi (decentralized finance) has matured from yield-chasing experiments into a robust stack of exchanges, money markets, derivatives, and staking primitives that power billions in on-chain activity every day. If you’re new to DeFi in 2025 or coming back after a long market cycle, this guide highlights […]
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Privacy Coins vs Compliance: Practical Controls for Real-World Risk What counts as privacy tech, why people use it, how regulators view it, and how to design risk-based controls that protect users while meeting obligations. Heads-up: Education, not legal advice. Rules vary by jurisdiction and change quickly. Confirm locally with counsel and your regulator before launching
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Regulatory Approaches Worldwide: How Regions Supervise Crypto and Web3 A practical map of global frameworks: who needs a license, what rules apply, how stablecoins and market conduct are treated, and where privacy-preserving compliance fits. Heads-up: This is general education, not legal advice. Rules change and vary by country, business model, asset type, and licensing status.
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KYC/AML in Web3 (Risk-Based CDD, KYT, Travel-Rule Concepts) How crypto businesses identify customers, monitor activity, and exchange information responsibly — without crushing user privacy or product velocity. Heads-up: This page is practical education, not legal advice. Rules differ by country and change quickly. Before you ship features or accept customer funds, confirm locally with counsel
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RPCs and Nodes: Accessing the Chain Reliably and Safely Node types, JSON RPC patterns, reliability architectures, and production grade security practices for real dapps. TL;DR: Pick deliberately between public endpoints, hosted providers, and self run nodes (full or archival). Build resiliency with multi provider failover or quorum RPC. Build safety with chain checks, simulation, finalized
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Decentralized Storage: IPFS, Arweave, and Filecoin Content addressing, permanence versus leases, gateways, pinning, proofs, and production patterns for NFTs, dapps, analytics, and archives. TL;DR: IPFS is a content-addressed peer-to-peer layer that gives you CIDs and global retrieval; availability depends on pinning and gateways. Arweave offers “permanent” storage by funding long-term replication up front; content is
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Indexing and Querying: The Graph, Subgraphs and GraphQL From raw on chain events to queryable APIs: subgraph schemas, mappings, indexing economics, and production grade query patterns. TL;DR: The Graph turns contract events and call results into a GraphQL API using a subgraph that declares a schema, a manifest of what to watch, and mapping functions
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Oracles: Bringing Real-World Data On-Chain (Chainlink and Pyth) Price feeds, verifiable randomness, automation, and cross-chain messaging, plus common failure modes and how to harden your contracts against them. TL;DR: Oracles bridge off-chain facts to on-chain programs. You will encounter two dominant patterns: push oracles (for example Chainlink aggregators that periodically post a price on chain)
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Homomorphic Encryption (HE): Compute on Encrypted Data Partially, somewhat, and fully homomorphic schemes, what they enable, how they work at a high level, and where HE fits next to zero-knowledge and blockchains. TL;DR: Homomorphic encryption lets you perform operations on ciphertexts so that, after decryption, you get the same result as if you had computed
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Multi-Party Computation (MPC): Threshold Signatures and Private Compute Split secrets, compute together. How MPC wallets and threshold signatures differ from multisig, what actually runs during signing, and how to operate these systems safely at scale. TL;DR: MPC lets a group jointly compute a function without revealing their individual inputs. For wallets, threshold signatures (TSS) produce
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